Sunday, November 11, 2007

How to Do Philosophy, vol. 1

As a public service, I would like to list some common kinds of responses to putative counter-examples. Now, the next time you're working on something and a good counter-example comes up, merely consult this list and adapt your favorite response. Feel free to mix and match.

You're welcome.

1) Bite the bullet: "This isn't a counter-example. I don't care what you say, but your example isn't an instance of F. Our intuitions about Fs are systematically wrong." Cover your ears and start humming loudly.
2) Tu Quoque/poison the well: "This counter-example is actually a problem for you, too. You might think your theory gives the right results here, but it doesn't." Feel free to stretch the counter-example and your opponent's theory until it becomes a problem for them.
3) Change your theory: "Your counter-example can be accommodated by a simple generalization of my theory." Feel free to change your theory as much as you'd like, make it ridiculously disjunctive, but remind your reader that it's still the same theory.
4) Vicious ad hominem: "Your response is motivated only by your irrational approach to the topic/other philosophical commitments/bad hygiene/lack of meaningful love life."
5) Reject conceptual analysis: "Sure, this is a counter-example, but I was never giving necessary and sufficient conditions in the first place. Conceptual analysis is dead anyway, right?" Cite Wittgenstein extensively.
6) Distraction/Change of Topic: "Well, sure, but in order to know that your case is a good counter-example, we'd have to know that we're not brains in vats!" or "Yes, this is a good counterexample, but -- look, monkeys!!"
7) Repeat your opponent's theory in a funny voice: (in a high-pitched, squeaky voice) "Look at me, I'm Van Inwagen, and I think that composition only occurs in the case of organisms!" (note: this works best in person)
8) Accept that this is a counterexample and that your life's work is for naught. Drop out, start a rock band. I'll play bass guitar.

Am I missing any?

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